Study On The Balfour Declaration History Essay Free Essays

1. In the West Bank and Gaza Strip, Palestinians live in an unusual and unjust undetermined province. They have no state province, no nationality, and no decisive control over their ain lives. We will write a custom essay sample on Study On The Balfour Declaration History Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Israel occupied these countries in 1967 and till today Palestinians have been populating under her business. A few maps of the authorities like wellness attention, instruction, transit and policing, Israel maintains overall power. 2. It is the policy of Western Media that whenever Israel commits yet another atrociousness, its guardians are speedy to airt public attending off from the grisly offense scene by giving intelligence sing Al-Qaeda or Taliban, to make hatred amongst the Christians for Muslims. Due to these sorts of intelligence on western media, most of their people start to believe that the Muslims are terrorists and Western policies are traveling in the right way. 3. We may name Palestine as a ‘nation ‘ but non the ‘nation province ‘ . As per the definition Nations are culturally homogenous groups of people, larger than a individual folk or community, which portions a common linguistic communication, establishments, faith, and historical experience. When a state of people has a State or state of their ain, it is called a nation-state. 4. An busying force or a province has the duty to protect the civilian population harmonizing to the international jurisprudence. Israel, nevertheless, pays no attending to this restraint. She violates the Geneva Conventions as a everyday affair. Geneva Convention was introduced after World War II to guarantee that civilians are non humiliated as they were by Nazis. 5. Palestinian private lands are occupied by Israeli forces on a regular basis. Israeli military personnels detain persons without procedure, collaring kids and physically mistreat them under imprisonment ; destroy household places ; topographic point full towns under curfew ; demolish stores and concerns ; shoot, injury, and slaying civilians and Palestinians are without influence to halt any of it. 6. One of the day-to-day scenes is of kids arrested, beaten and abused by Israeli soldiers, which is ne’er reported by the western media. These kids are humiliated in prison, and their parents do non hold any right to even run into them. The most of import and non frequently understood by international community is the fact that Palestinians fundamentally live in a top-security prison in which Israel holds the keys. They are non allowed to go forth the West Bank or Gaza without the permission of Israeli military personnels, and if they are allowed, they can non return to their places. Scholars invited to go to seminars abroad, high school pupils given US authorities scholarships to analyze in the United States or even do-gooders wishing to assist hapless Palestinians are denied permission by Israel to go forth or come in their ain land. The â€Å" Intifada † 7. In the twelvemonth 2000, Palestinians began a motion against Israeli Occupation known as the â€Å" Intifada. † This is an Arabic term means to â€Å" agitate off. The first Intifada began in 1986 and ended in 1993 when the peace procedure proposed outlooks of justness. But in the undermentioned old ages these outlooks were trampled when Israel continued to spread out the occupied district. During this first Intifada, Palestinians were killed at a rate of about 7-10 times that of Israelis. One of the ways Israeli forces attempted to set down this rebellion was through the â€Å" interrupt the castanetss † policy, implemented by Yitzhak Rabin, in which people who had been throwing rocks were held down and their weaponries were broken. On the first twenty-four hours of this policy entirely, one infirmary in Gaza treated 200 Peoples for breaks. 8. The â€Å" Second Intifada † was ignited when Ariel Sharon, an Israeli general at that clip, visited a Jerusalem sanctum site, accompanied by over a 1000 armed Israeli military personnels. When some Palestinians threw rocks, Israeli soldiers responded with unrecorded gunshot, killing 15 young persons. This motion has now continued for over 10 old ages, and many civilians are killed in Israeli bombardment by combatant jets and choppers. 9. Israel has started to build a wall about Palestinians, so that they are wholly stopped to travel out of the country and cipher should be able to back up them. The bulk of Palestinians believe that the Israeli authorities ‘s aim is to coerce them off the land, and there is an huge trade of cogent evidence that this is the purpose of many Israeli leaders. At the same clip, nevertheless, some of the Israeli military personnels have refused to kill guiltless people in order to spread out Israeli district. Few of the Israeli civilians besides oppose the enlargement of Israel beyond 1967 boundary lines. 10. During the elections of 2005, many Palestinian campaigners were arrested and beaten by Israeli soldiers to deny them to take portion in elections. However, this facet was non reported by the American media. Now if we look at the function of Pakistani media in this respect, merely a small coverage is presented and that excessively on the province Television. Private Television channels have wholly ignored these hapless people, and most of them discourse local political relations most of the clip. Chapter: Two Background 1. In the 20th century, the part known as Palestine has been a field of intense struggle between peoples who have laid claim to it as their national place on evidences of long abode and historic and spiritual associations in the development of national provinces in the part after World War I, â€Å" Palestine † was non a separate political entity, but the name had long been in usage. It was the name of a Roman state, and in the 10th century, Arab geographers referred to â€Å" Filastin † ( the Arabic name for Palestine ) as one of the states of Syria. From the 15th century until World War I, Palestine formed portion of the Ottoman Empire, and altering provincial boundaries blurred its separate position. However, for disciples of the three chief monotheistic faiths – Islam, Judaism, and Christianity- † Palestine † remained the venue of holy sites of great significance. 2. The development of a separate and typical Palestinian individuality was a effect of two major historical developments which began in the late 19th century. The first was the growing of European economic, political, and military intercession in the Middle East. This culminated after World War I in the division of the Middle East into domains of control among the major European powers, chiefly Britain and France, with Palestine falling under a League of Nations Mandate assigned to Britain. Arab nationalist and pan-Arab motions had grown in response to Western intercession in the 19th century. With the drawing of new national boundaries under the post-World War I pacts, these Nationalisms took more specific signifiers. 3. A 2nd cultural factor in the development of a separate Palestinian patriotism was the Zionist motion which sought to set up a â€Å" national place † for the Jews in Palestine under the auspices of British regulation. Zionism aimed to make a Judaic fatherland in Palestine, and hence of its nature was unable to suit the demands and aspirations of the Arab population. The Judaic population grew, chiefly through in-migration, from 11 per centum of the sum in 1922 to thirty per centum of the entire population of 1,739,624 in 1994. The Balfour Declaration 4. In November 1917, before Britain had conquered Jerusalem and the country to be known as Palestine, Britain issued the Balfour Declaration. This declaration was a missive addressed to Lord Rothschild, based on a petition of the Zionist organisation in Great Britain. The declaration stated Britain ‘s support for the creative activity of a Judaic national place in Palestine. The declaration was the effect of lobbying by the little British Zionist motion, particularly by Dr. Chaim Weizmann, who had emigrated from Russia to Britain, but it was motivated by British strategic considerations. Ironically, possibly, a chief motive for the declaration may hold been the belief, inspired by antisemitism, that international Jewry would come to the aid of the British if they declared themselves in support of a Judaic province. 5. After that at the Paris peace conference in 1919, Zionist and Arab council pleaded their instance, and met each other. The Zionists presented a map of the country they wanted for the Judaic province. Amazingly, Dr. Weizmann and the Emir Faisal reached a signed understanding sing Arab support for a Judaic national place. Faisal besides guaranteed the American Zionist minister plenipotentiary, Chief Justice Frankfurter, of his support for the Zionist cause. However, Faisal conditioned his support on satisfaction of Arab aspirations in Syria. Alternatively, Syria was given to the Gallic as a League of Nations authorization and Feisal non merely withdrew his support from the Zionist undertaking, but claimed he had ne’er signed any such paperss. 6. After World War-I much of the Ottoman Empire was divided into mandated districts assigned to the masters of the war. The British and Gallic saw them as permission of imperial aims. The British were acute to maintain Palestine off from the Gallic, and decided to inquire for an mandate that would implement the Judaic national place of the Balfour declaration, a undertaking that would be supported by the Americans. The Arabs opposed the thought of a Judaic national place, sing that the countries now called Palestine were their land. The Arabs felt they were in hazard of eviction by the Zionists, and did non appreciate populating under Judaic regulation. But as the ‘League of Nations ‘ authorized it, Jews continued to migrate to Palestinian dirt. 7. Palestinian patriotism has had a switching relationship to Arab patriotism and pan-Arabism. Palestinians have invoked Arab patriotism and integrity to assist repossess the district of Palestine. However, in the last two decennaries Palestinians have expressed increasing resentment that while the release of Palestine has served as a motto to prolong pan-Arabism, the Arab provinces have provided merely limited support to the Palestinian cause. 8. However, several important inquiries remain. The first regards the position of Jerusalem, which contains sites holy to Islam, Judaism, and Christianity and is claimed by both Palestinians and Israelis. Second, the geographical discontinuity of such a Palestinian province would make strategic and economic jobs. Third, after over 20 old ages of Israeli business, the economic sciences of the districts have been made extremely dependent on the Israel or other adjacent provinces, would be hard to interrupt. Finally, the inquiry of Palestinian Diaspora remains a large challenge. How to cite Study On The Balfour Declaration History Essay, Essay examples

Danger for society which depends on computers screen rather than face-to-face communication free essay sample

It is understand that the development of information technology has been changing the way of our live completely. Everything become more easily, but, at the expense of personal contact, as many people choose to work at home in front of a computer screen. This brings the serious dangers for a society which depends on computer screen rather than face-to-face contacts. This matter, not just bring bad side for our society, but also for our health. One of the biggest dangers is that people start to live a life without any social contacts. Everyone (who likes to sit in front of the computer) starts to live in his or her own world, a world dominated purely by their computer screen messages. Living in an illusion that millions of friends are out there always waiting for you. Friends that will support when you have a bad day, or will cheer you up when you are sad. We will write a custom essay sample on Danger for society which depends on computers screen rather than face-to-face communication or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This ‘artificial bubble’ starts burst as soon as people get into real problem, such as losing their job. From that problem, will lead to the another problem. Let say, if we like to live our life in front of our computer’s screen, we are getting lazy and not going out for a walk. Our movement gets limited only in our home. This will makes us isolated from the society outside which we might become lonely just communicating with the computer. For me, this is very bad habit for people to get isolated from the real life. Apart from that, depending on a screen rather than meeting face-to-face is very bad for health. It will make our spine back ill. Sitting for a long time and looking to a screen also makes our eyes bad. This will cause healthy problem for us. We always feel not good with our spine back and we also maybe have to wear eyeglasses when we have a problem with our eyes. From my reading, light from the screen can cause bad side for our eyes if we continuously looking at computer screen the whole day long. Beside all of that, one of the main arguments against this means of communication is human beings are getting more and more insensible. While we appreciate the convenience of communication via Internet, we must still think that by using too much or overuse emoticons on Yahoo Messenger has bad influence on our expressing feelings. That is more interesting if we can hear our friend’s voice live or making eye contact with our friends also much more interesting. In conclusion, as technology getting better and better, people are trying to make their work more easy and fast. This will make we become lazy, weak and ill. It makes our immune system goes bad and we have the ability to get the diseases fast. From all the examples above, it shows that face-to-face communication is much healthier rather than on screen communication. We will be more understands the person whom we are contacting. We also will be more appreciates our family, our friends and the society around us.

The Creation of Shelter in Pre-Colonial Far North Australia Essay Example

The Creation of Shelter in Pre-Colonial Far North Australia Essay Zealand Shelter has always been a necessity for mankind. We, as humans, have a relationship with the land that we must respect to live happily amongst it. Spanning back as far as the pre-colonial Australia, indigenous Australians understood this connection excellently. Their shelters seemed to bend with the land as they understood crucial elements within the architecture to compensate for distinctive climate and cultural factors to fit their nomadic lifestyle. Their living style was very minimalist yet practical. The indigenous Australians only built what they needed to survive. For evidence of this, we will be looking at the text; Guyana, Gooney and Hurley: the Aboriginal architecture of Australia by Paul Emmett as he discussed the social dynamics and structural design of the indigenous communities. Conversely, indigenous New Slanderer had a more conventional comprehension of space and planning of their more permanent townships. The shelters of the New Zealand tribes created community Importance with their detailed Maori. As a key example of these traditional settlements, Historic buildings of New Zealand from the New Zealand Historic Places Trust shows us many detailed plans of this living style and complete descriptions of the Maori. The Indigenous New Slanderer built shelters to provide basics of societal living and town leadership as well as for the necessity of housing. However, both communities had an outstanding respect and comprehension for the environment they surrounding themselves with. This essay will explore both the saltcellars and Juxtapositions between the shelters of the Indigenous Australians and New Slanderer, how this enriches their connection with the environment and heir community lifestyle. We will write a custom essay sample on The Creation of Shelter in Pre-Colonial Far North Australia specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Creation of Shelter in Pre-Colonial Far North Australia specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Creation of Shelter in Pre-Colonial Far North Australia specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Indigenous lifestyle and architecture of any kind has always been recognized as vastly deferent from Western moulds. The Aboriginal tribes of far north show complete understand of how the land behaves though their semi-nomadic lifestyle and simple architectural styles. They moved between a number of neighboring ecological areas to exploit and conserve seasonal foods and resources. As quote from Aborigine Tom ADSTAR says: We cultivated our land, but In a way different from the white man. We endeavourer to live with the land; they mimed to live off it. I was taught to preserve, never to destroys concurring with this method. The Aboriginal tribes formed camps which they would use from a single day to several seasons. They lived in this way in order to protect and respect the land in which they viewed as a mother figure towards them, in that the mother cared for them and In turn needed care and love also. The Indigenous New Slanderer, the Maori, also have an intricate understanding and respect of the environment they live in and too adopt a semi-nomadic lifestyle depending on the season and the availability of the resources in the areas. Though the use of architecture, they have progressively increased their consideration of the world as they have grown with the changes of the natural and spiritual aspects of the environment as well as the political and colonial. 4 However It Is the natural development of their architecture, environment; biological isolation, geological stability and climatic variation makes a harsh and tough environment. 5 This was well recognized by the indigenous as well as the difficulty that the land has in supplying all their needs all of the time. So, in moving around, this helped them locate where the food and water was best. A side effect of this was to leave areas where they been, and give the plants and animals time to recover. Some groups developed sacred sites that were out of bounds to individuals. Some of these sacred sites happened to be nesting areas for some of the species that they hunted. By making them off limits, they allowed the breeding of these species to continues and so keep a supply for their food. 6 Their motivations were very different to Western society. Similar to conservation of food and environment, their architectural style was also minimalist. The far north indigenous tribes of Australia centralized their camps and villages in the proximity of a running stream. This ensured that their food sources werent toxic plants, that they had an abundance of revering species such as crayfish, eels and fish, the construction of earth oven with river sand and rock for manufacturing nutcrackers and axes. These sorts of villages were constructed quite permanently to facilitate older relatives in a cool and providing place whist other tribe members continued to move from place to palace. Building near a stream was a sustainable idea as the surrounding area was far less dense, they didnt need to clear much spaces to build a camp. They would aim for places with much sun light to escape the constant wet environment of the rainforests. 9 They had to take care that the ground was semi- elevated to ensure the camp was not flood prone, that the river they were camped next to would not rise too much. In these base camps, more permanent dome structures were built. The indigenous understood the different between structures that would support them for longer periods of time and that of a nomadic lifestyle. Similarly, the early settlements of the first New Slanderer were often at harbors or the mouths of rivers which were close to the sea. This provided them with good access to fishing and shellfish grounds, and extensive hunting of seals and moa birds. It is important for any colony of people to be provided for where they live. The relationship the Maori had with the sea was that it supplied them with food, and if camped near a river, fresh water. Aboriginal rainforests groups employ as range of shelter types but were mostly dome shelters due to the rainy wet climate of the rest. The domes allow the water entry to be minimal and for the water to run off and not collect on the roof causing the hut to collapse. They built, permanent domes, temporary domes, windbreaks called yawn; especially in the large open spaces, shades which are called dyad, and others 1 . The construction of the domes varied from tribe to tribe. The scale in which they were built varied from a nuclear family housing size which are called Dugan, to large community size huts, dimmer. The larger domes spanned up to 9 meters in diameter 12. It was generally common for little families to be housed under one roof. These huts often held 30 people or more. Some had circular-based flooring and other oval-based 3. Figure : Dome Houses in Far north Australian Rainforests White, A. A, photographer. Photographer. Check. John Solely Library. (Accessed May 10, Some also had continuous framing members versus apex-fixed structural members. The village plan segregated the housing into groups. In one hut might be a family, one man and his wives and their many children, with fires within for cooking and warming. In other huts would serve a group of single men or a group of young girls Ewing chaperoned before marriage. This supplied the social interactions between people as they were pressured together especially during rainy times when going outside wasnt desirable. This was an important part of maintaining social interaction during the rainy periods. During these times, larger intersecting domes were more common, including extra-large domes for ceremonial activities. This also meant that the tribes structured their huts so that people could stand in them, move around and participate in activities, for both diurnal and nocturnal uses. 5 The framing for a mom huts is assembled first by implanting malleable young branches or lengths of lawyer cane in the ground of the circumference of the hut. They would then bend the branches over and tie them together with split cane. The frame would them appear as a series of crossed over hoops forming an unconventional dome shape. A drain is dug around the perimeter to prevent flooding and in turn washday of the cladding. The shelters were clad and thatched from palm leaves such as fan palms, cycad palms and wild banana as well as grass and malleable bark or a mixture of these. The mud was used with grass to waterproof the shelters. As concurrent with todays western society, the materials chosen to assemble the huts would have depended on what was available at the time due to seasonality. It also would have been impacted by the climate; dryer and hotter seasons would have called for lighter constructions and less clad, if any, would have been used to allow for wind flow. Conversely, harsher wetter climates would have needed a more robust hut to last through torrential rain and floods. Grass thatch was most effective cladding in stormy weather. Each layer of the frame was tied down with cane and the layers of thatch were often up to 2. 5 centimeters thick. 18 The indigenous society also made custom to the way the huts were constructed. When each hut was considered to be built, the woman would be the ones to clear the area of rocks, small trees and sticks before construction started. The men collected and assembled the frame of the dome, whilst the woman were in charge of collecting and setting up the cladding. It was also the woman whom fixed the holes in the roof if the weather had caused. 9 The Mare is he central architectural structure is modern Maori life. Its purpose, location and even existence in pre-European New Zealand settlement has always been an element of importance in tradition Maori lifestyles. The settlements typically focused on a community building, the meeting house, with an associated open space which is the Mare, a minimal building form. It acted as a place for social meetings and institutions, importan tly the teaching of traditional knowledge. It was the social and ceremonial core of the village. However, the term, Mare, in Maori language is referred to in two senses. Firstly, as an open space used for assembly and reserved for that reason, and secondly as still the open space but combined with a shelter to form the meeting house. The Maori, similarly to the Australian indigenous tribes, recognized the importance of community living . They viewed the Mare as a community home and was far more significant than the individual family home. The the sky. It is located in the natural landscape so that it faces outwards to open elements such as the sea or an open plain. It is backed by hills and mountains and runs parallel to the rivers. A mare must have a meeting house which tends to always be facing openness. To the Maori, the mare is not Just a shelter. It is a story house, a wake, a house, a rectangular gabled building with a porch that moderated the extremes of the weather and oppressive smoke-filled insides. Most mare had one main fire, which was kept alive for all time. It was known as the aha-aka-roar which means long burning fire and it signified the on-going life of that mare. It was never extinguished as the living flame represented the man, the power, of the tribe. 4 The front of the Mare was often marked by embellishments of carving, curvilinear rafter tatter painted in black, red and white with lattice-work panels on the walls. It ranged from 12 to 30 meters long and the size and ornamentation of the meeting house usually reflected the man of the group. As the Maori first originated from Polynesia, their building forms and techniques quickly adapted to suit the cooler climate and different materials ava ilable. Roofs continued to be made of thatch but were considerably lower to retain heat. Polynesian architecture didnt require walls, an idea that was also changed to adapt to the climate. The walls were lattice thatching that never held the weight of the roof. As the new Maori cultural architecture developed, seasonal villages came to the forefront. The building that they created have similar structure to that of the Aboriginal domes. They too are made of cladding of branches, leaves and bark. Although they instead had rectangular bases not circular, the roofing and wall structure resembled that of the dome shape. Their sleeping houses, where punt, consisted of a gable roof, front porch and central internal fire, also comparable to the aboriginal sleeping domes. However, the Maori construction did not allow people to stand inside. The where punt was equipped with a sliding door which was closed at night to enclose heat and a small opening above and to the side of the door to provide ventilation. The porch was commonly used for eating, sleeping on warm night and relaxation. Figure : Mare and dome like sleeping houses of the Maori Tribe in New Zealand Foss Leach, sketcher. Sketch. Check. Museum of New Zealand Et Papa Teenagers. (Accessed May 10, 2014) It is sometimes refreshing to look back on the simplistic lifestyle of the pre-colonial indigenous tribes of both far north Australia and New Zealand. We can see through their minimalist architecture that their respect and understanding of their environment was vast. From the rainforests groups of north Australia, we see that their creation of dome shelters varied due to climate, materials and use in the same way as modern architecture varies now only that the care and conservation for the place that they live in monumental. They understand the value community lifestyles hold and mould their architecture to accompany this idea by creating large conjoining domes to facilitate lots of people.

About the Balfour Declaration of 1917

About the Balfour Declaration of 1917 The Balfour Declaration was a November 2, 1917 letter from British Foreign Secretary Arthur James Balfour to Lord Rothschild that made public the British support of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. The Balfour Declaration led the League of Nations to entrust the United Kingdom with the Palestine Mandate in 1922. Background The Balfour Declaration was a product of years of careful negotiation. After centuries of living in a diaspora, the 1894 Dreyfus Affair in France shocked Jews into realizing they would not be safe from arbitrary antisemitism unless they had their own country. In response, Jews created the new concept of political Zionism in which it was believed that through active political maneuvering, a Jewish homeland could be created. Zionism was becoming a popular concept by the time World War I began. World War I and Chaim Weizmann During World War I, Great Britain needed help. Since Germany (Britains enemy during WWI) had cornered the production of acetone- an important ingredient for arms production- Great Britain may have lost the war if Chaim Weizmann had not invented a fermentation process that allowed the British to manufacture their own liquid acetone. It was this fermentation process that brought Weizmann to the attention of David Lloyd George (Minister of Ammunitions) and Arthur James Balfour (previously the Prime Minister but at this time the First Lord of the Admiralty). Chaim Weizmann was not just a scientist; he was also the leader of the Zionist Movement. Diplomacy Weizmanns contact with Lloyd George and Balfour continued, even after Lloyd George became prime minister and Balfour was transferred to the Foreign Office in 1916. Additional Zionist leaders such as Nahum Sokolow also pressured Great Britain to support a Jewish homeland in Palestine. Although Balfour, himself, was in favor of a Jewish state, Great Britain particularly favored the declaration as an act of policy. Britain wanted the United States to join World War I and the British hoped that by supporting a Jewish homeland in Palestine, the world Jewish community would be able to sway the U.S. to join the war. Announcing the Balfour Declaration Though the Balfour Declaration went through several drafts, the final version was issued on November 2, 1917, in a letter from Balfour to Lord Rothschild, president of the British Zionist Federation. The main body of the letter quoted the decision of the October 31, 1917, British Cabinet meeting. This declaration was accepted by the League of Nations on July 24, 1922, and embodied in the mandate that gave Great Britain temporary administrative control of Palestine. The White Paper In 1939, Great Britain reneged on the Balfour Declaration by issuing the White Paper, which stated that creating a Jewish state was no longer a British policy. It was also Great Britains change in policy toward Palestine, especially the White Paper, that prevented millions of European Jews to escape from Nazi-occupied Europe to Palestine before and during the Holocaust. The Balfour Declaration Foreign OfficeNovember 2nd, 1917Dear Lord Rothschild,I have much pleasure in conveying to you, on behalf of His Majestys Government, the following declaration of sympathy with Jewish Zionist aspirations which has been submitted to, and approved by, the Cabinet.His Majestys Government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country.I should be grateful if you would bring this declaration to the knowledge of the Zionist Federation.Yours sincerely,Arthur James Balfour

Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez Bio

Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez Bio Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez is an American politician and former community organizer. Her embrace of democratic socialism and economic, social, and racial justice  issues earned her a large following among fellow progressive millennials, which propelled her to a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives. Her ascent is noteworthy because she defeated the fourth-highest ranking Democrat in Congress and became the youngest woman elected to the House. Fast Facts: Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez Occupation: Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New YorkNickname: AOCBorn: Oct. 13, 1989, in Bronx County, New York City, New YorkParents: Sergio Ocasio (deceased) and Blanca Ocasio-CortezEducation: B.A. in Economics and International Relations, Boston UniversityKnown For: Youngest woman elected to Congress. She was 29 when she took office in January 2019Interesting Fact: Ocasio-Cortez worked as a waitress and bartender before running for CongressFamous Quote: â€Å"Where did I get off? I mean, I’m going to tell people that I, as a waitress, should be their next congresswoman?† Early Life Ocasio-Cortez was born in New York on Oct. 13, 1989, to Sergio Ocasio, an architect raised in South Bronx, and Blanca Ocasio-Cortez, a native of Puerto Rico who cleaned houses and drove a school bus to help the family pay the bills. The couple met when he was visiting family in Puerto Rico; they married and moved to a working-class neighborhood in New York City. Both parents had been born into poverty and wanted their daughter and son, Gabriel Ocasio-Cortez, to have more prosperous childhoods. The family eventually relocated from New York City to a wealthy suburb, Yorktown Heights, where they lived in a modest home and sent Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez to a mostly white high school, where she excelled. Ocasio-Cortez graduated from Yorktown High School in 2007 and entered Boston University, initially studying biochemistry. She got her first taste of politics by volunteering to make phone calls for Democrat Barack Obamas successful 2008 presidential campaign. Her life changed dramatically, though, when her father was diagnosed with lung cancer while she was at college. Ocasio-Cortez said her fathers death her sophomore year forced her to put all of her energy into school. The last thing my father had told me in the hospital was ‘Make me proud,’ she said in an interview with The New Yorker. I took it very literally. My G.P.A. skyrocketed.† After her fathers death, Ocasio-Cortez shifted gears and began studying economics and international relations. She graduated with a bachelor of arts degree from Boston University in 2011. By that time she had also stepped back into politics, working part-time through college in the Boston office of U.S. Sen. Ted Kennedy, the so-called liberal lion and surviving member of the Kennedy political dynasty. The 2016 Campaign and a Career in Politics After college, Ocasio-Cortez worked as a waitress and bartender. She became involved in politics at the national level in the 2016 Democratic primaries, when she canvassed for U.S. Sen. Bernie Sanders of Vermont, the Democratic Socialist who unsuccessfully sought the presidential nomination against former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton. After Sanders lost, like-minded Democratic Socialists began recruiting candidates to run for the House and Senate as part of an effort called Brand New Congress. In the fall of 2016, as Republican Donald Trump was heading toward a stunning electoral upset over Clinton, Ocasio-Cortezs brother sent an application to the group on her behalf, and her campaign for Congress was born. Like Sanders, Ocasio-Cortez supports such proposals as free public college and guaranteed family leave. A marcher holds a sign that say, If Youre Scared of Me, You Are The Problem with an image of Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez Democratic of the 14th congressional district of the House Of Representatives in front of Trump International Hotel during the Womans March in the borough of Manhattan in NY on January 19, 2019. Ira L. Black - Corbis / Getty Images In the June 2018 Democratic primary, Ocasio-Cortez soundly defeated U.S. Rep. Joseph Crowley, who had amassed a great deal of influence not just in his district but among his partys congressional leadership over two decades. Ocasio-Cortez went on to defeat a Republican, college professor Anthony Pappas, in the fall election to take the seat representing New York states solidly Democratic 14th Congressional District, which is centered in New York City and covers parts of the Bronx and Queens boroughs. Nearly half the residents of the district are Hispanic, and fewer than 20 percent are white. At age 29, she became the youngest woman to win a House seat. The youngest person elected to Congress was William Charles Cole Claiborne of Tennessee, who was 22 when he began serving in 1797. Democratic Socialist Ideology Ocasio-Cortez has championed economic, social, and racial justice in the House. In particular, she has taken on the issues of wealth disparity and the treatment of undocumented immigrants in the United States. She proposed taxing the wealthiest Americans at income-tax rates of as much as 70 percent; called for the abolition of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, the Homeland Security agency that arrests and deports people living in the United States illegally; and pushed for the elimination of for-profit prisons. U.S. Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-NY) speaks as Sen. Ed Markey (D-MA) (R) and other Congressional Democrats listen during a news conference in front of the U.S. Capitol February 7, 2019 in Washington, DC. Sen. Markey and Rep. Ocasio-Cortez held a news conference to unveil their Green New Deal resolution. Alex Wong / Getty Images Her most ambitious policy proposals were contained in the so-called Green New Deal, which she said is designed to combat climate change by shifting the energy portfolio in the United States away from fossil fuels to all renewable sources such as wind and solar within 12 years. The Green New Deal also proposed non-energy moves such as a job guarantee program to assure a living wage job to every person who wants one,† as well as universal health care and a basic income. Much of the new spending to fund those programs would come from higher taxes on the wealthiest Americans. Many political observers have suggested that Ocasio-Cortez- whose campaign was funded by small donors and not corporate interests, and whose agenda sets her apart from the establishment members of the Democratic Party- has replaced Sanders as the de facto leader of the left. Sources Remnick, David. â€Å"Alexandria Ocasio-Cortezs Historic Win and the Future of the Democratic Party.† The New Yorker, The New Yorker, 17 July 2018, www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/07/23/alexandria-ocasio-cortezs-historic-win-and-the-future-of-the-democratic-party.Chappell, Bill, and Scott Neuman. â€Å"Who Is Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez?†Ã‚  NPR, NPR, 27 June 2018, www.npr.org/2018/06/27/623752094/who-is-alexandria-ocasio-cortez.ï » ¿Wang, Vivian. â€Å"Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez: A 28-Year-Old Democratic Giant Slayer.†Ã‚  The New York Times, The New York Times, 27 June 2018, www.nytimes.com/2018/06/27/nyregion/alexandria-ocasio-cortez.html.The Intercept. â€Å"A Primary Against the Machine: A Bronx Activist Looks to Dethrone Joseph Crowley, the King of Queens.†Ã‚  The Intercept, 22 May 2018, theintercept.com/2018/05/22/joseph-crowley-alexandra-ocasio-cortez-new-york-primary/.

Risk and risk management in Jordanian banking Dissertation

Risk and risk management in Jordanian banking - Dissertation Example The paper tells that recent global economic slump is considered as not only being the first global economic downturn of the 21st century, but it is also considered as a new ‘risk’ face by the global society coming from ‘unknown unknowns’ of which available information are insufficient in shedding light. Nevertheless, it should be noted, the global economic slowdown can be approached and analysed using several perspectives and it involves a whole gamut of issues that are intertwined, not just single direct cause. In light of this condition, as this research will deal with risk and risk management, it will primarily focus on operational risk management in Jordanian banking sector. Operational management and operational risks have long been part of the life cycle of businesses, especially in the banking industry. Generally, it seeks to address the risks arising from the day-to-day operations of the banks. As such, operational risks management deals with non-fin ancial risks, which when left unattended, are proven catastrophic not only for the banks, but for the entire global community. This situation highlights the urgency to give further clarification regarding the idea of operational risks and operational risks management so that a better understanding of its implications of in the banking sector can be achieved. It holds the position that gaining better understanding of operational risks management in Jordanian banking sector provides solid foundation, with which, its implications can be transformed in to valuable information and policies to counter operational risks. 1.2. Background of the Study Operational risks management is new (Petria & Petria, 2009), but operational risks are not. The inclusion of and explication of operational risks and operational risk management in Basel II Accord categorically show the integral importance of operational risks management in the banking sector. Since, Basel II now proposes a more stringent manag ement structure, tools and processes in addressing operational risks (Medova, 2000). The conceptual frame together with the events create the paradigm wherein the significance of a more coherent and systematic approach to operational risks becomes necessary in the banking se

Teaching English to new arrival immigrants is problematic Research Paper - 1

Teaching English to new arrival immigrants is problematic - Research Paper Example One of the mishaps is that the immigrants make the language as a second language. The instance, therefore, creates the need to understand the background of the students and the consequent effects that the background has on a new course. Moreover, a prior analysis of the various misconceptions that learners have towards learning a second language is crucial with the aim of establishing the best of course of action. Other factors that may be of help in teaching English to immigrants is the consideration of the processes that involve the knowledge of English and consequently comprehend the wider scope that represents the cultural and social issues. The issues that shape up the acquisition of the English language by the immigrants is thus are a constituent of the essay. The article also articulates on the different solutions that are relevant in the complex process of the language learning. A summary appears at the completion of the document in an instance of giving a preview of the whol e document. Misconceptions misrepresent the needs of immigrant students and present simplistic approaches to second language learning and complicate the process of teaching and learning English. If students communicate in English, they have competence to use language in mainstream courses. Educators sometimes assume that if immigrant students can communicate in everyday life, they can have the competence to use language in an every variety of settings, especially mainstream course of English. However, there are gaps between everyday communication and mainstream courses language use for the second language learners (Cacden, 1988). These gaps occur because there are differences between home based and course-based value system and knowledge. Such Differences between home and English courses lead to difficulties for English language learners to access to academic and mainstream course language (Tharp & Gallimore, 1988). Based on this misconception, immigrant