Objective and Projective Test Essay - 2768 Words

Objective and Projective Test Rene Butler Kaplan University Testing, Measurement, and Assessment PS-505 James Julian June 30, 2014 Objective and Projective Test 1. The historical use of the terms objective and projective to classify a personality test, and the problems with such classification. Since the beginning of mankind, there have been attempts to figure out how and why people differ. People who study personality traits tend to focus on various aspects of human behaviors such as, social interactions, development, learning, and culture. In addition, they study physiology, genetics, and pathology. They look at all aspects of being human and try to classify, organize, and understand them. Historically†¦show more content†¦When it comes to objective tests, it is implied that they are accurate, precise, and resistant to biased influences. Scoring errors are another potential concern. In reviewing the projective test, it is determined by Meyer and Kurtz (2006) that one‘s personality will not shine through with force and clarity regardless of the medium, the presence of the client’s responses confuses the efforts to interpret the test scores, and that is what the psychologists are most interested in interpreting (Meyer Kurtz, 2006) In many cases, therapists use these tests to learn qualitative information about a client. Some therapists may use projective tests to encourage the client to discuss issues or examine thoughts and emotions. Additionally, projective tests that do not have standard grading scales tend to lack both validity and reliability. Validity refers to whether or not a test is measuring what it purports to measure, while reliability refers to the consistency of the test results (Cohen, et al., 2013) However, a major downfall to objective tests is that people can lie and fake their answers. An individual could easily check off all of the desirable answers containing traits that they wish they had, to make them look like a better person. 2. The suggestions made by the authors to refer to specific tests. Meyer andShow MoreRelatedStrengths And Weaknesses Of Personality Testing1473 Words   |  6 PagesPsychologists have utilized objective and projective for so many years that they are now in education courses, editorial works and even scientific articles. According to Meyer Kurtz, (2006) in personality testing objectives are â€Å"instruments in which the stimulus is an adjective, proposition, or question that is presented to a person who is required to indicate how accurately it describes his or her personality using a limited set of externally provided response options (true vs. false, yes vs.Read MoreTaking a Look at Personality Testing1387 Words   |  6 Pagesdemonstrate how objective and projective approaches to personality testing have different results and outcomes, thereby reason why objective is the better form of personality testing. Given the different nature and formats of the two methods of personali ty testing, it is clear that wither side has strengths and weaknesses Principles of Personality Testing Loevinger (1955) has proposed five principles for personality assessment. The first is concerned with the structure of the test. This suggestsRead MoreEssay on Theories of Personality525 Words   |  3 Pagesthe prediction of behavior will be improved by the use of personality tests. In line with this, many personality inventories with certain extent of reliability and validity have been developed to aid in the study of personality. There are essentially two forms of personality tests that can be found in the literature. One of it is named projective test, allowing an extensive variety of freedom in making response, whereby the test items are more unstructured, vague or open-ended. Example of this isRead MoreIs Personality Based On Science?986 Words   |  4 Pagesinteractions. One of the methods psychodynamic theorists use is a projective tests. Projective tests aim to reveal hidden conflicts and impulses. Test-takers are asked to provide a description or story about an unclear image. While the image itself holds no real meaning behind it, the results are what really matter as they offer a glimpse into the test-takers unconscious. The most famous projective test is the Rorschach inkblot test. It was believed that whatever you saw in a series of 10 inkblotRead MorePersonality Is A Quite Strange, In Seems To Be Only An1285 Words   |  6 PagesThere are two major types of personality testing they are self-repor t personality inventories and projective tests. A self-report inventory is type of test that is often presented in a paper-and-pencil format or may even be administered on a computer. A typical self-report inventory presents a number of questions or verbalizations that may or may not describe certain qualities or characteristics of the test subject. Chances are good that you have taken a self-report inventory at some time the past.Read MoreMultiple Choice Questions on Psychology889 Words   |  4 Pagespsychological test to screen for emotional stability for a sensitive position. Which of the following tests is the best choice for the company to use? a. Cognitive Assessment System b. Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV) c. Woodcock-Johnson d. Sixteen Personality Factors (16PF) 3. ________ testing presents specific questions or statements to which a person responds by using specific answers or a scale. ________ is an example of this type of testing. a. Objective; MMPI b. Pr ojective; TAT c. Functional;Read MoreAssessment And Mental Health Professionals859 Words   |  4 PagesAssessment and Mental Health Professionals In chapter 3 of Ronald J. Comer’s book, Fundamentals of Abnormal Psychology, it explains and defines the importance of the assessment of a client. Along with other topics, it explains many factors and objectives of diagnosis and treatment of clients. The first topic is the importance and purpose of psychological assessment. In order to know what the client is going through, the clinician must know background information of the client. This includes knowingRead MoreUnit8Assignment Essay2399 Words   |  10 Pagespaper, the historical facts are given, as described by both of the authors Meyer and Kurtz. To illustrate, the results are revealed, as the search for a better distinction of the historical use, and descriptive terminology of the words, objective and projective begins to take form. First, the journey begins with the two authors, Meyer and Kurtz, since then many other psychologists and psychiatrists have joined in on their own behalf. Then, the paper will go into fu rther detail about problems andRead MorePersonality Assessments : Personality Assessment1205 Words   |  5 Pages Personality Assessment Review Miranda Basham Clarion University of Pennsylvania â€Æ' Personality Assessments A personality assessment is the measurement of personal characteristics (personality assessment | psychology). Personality tests provide measures of characteristics like, feelings and emotional states, preoccupations, temperament, interests, motivations, attitudes, and approaches to interpersonal relations. A personality is a complex pattern of characteristics that are relativelyRead MoreI, By The Audience Experienced The Journey Of Chris Ladd882 Words   |  4 Pagesmethods of personality study: Subjective, Objective and BLIS-Data Inventories. Through these tests, it was present that though major themes were continued throughout the process for Ladd, each measurement gave a different and incomplete answer. This led me to believe that if I were to also study my own identity, I would use similar but look at the results through a different lens, specifically one of introspection. Ladd began his journey with projective/subjective methods, which was completed through

Review of Convicted Survivors by Elizabeth Leonard Essay...

Review of Convicted Survivors by Elizabeth Leonard After reading the description of about half the books on the book review list, I found this one to be most intriguing. Ive always wanted to learn more about the subject how women deal with battery in the home through a spouse or male partner. That is what this book does. It talks about women who have had to take the last step in escaping abusive relationships; killing the partner. I loved this book and found it very informative. It takes you into the lives of women who have had to resort to these measures and it goes through the process of the results of their actions, as well as correlations to the abuse and why these women had no other option than to do what they did. Its going to†¦show more content†¦We hear the stories of these women and learn about the women in themselves. We learn why studies show they were placed in that position as well as why they think they were placed in that position. The most interesting portion of the book is when the author shows us how the w omen write violence off as not being violent at all, with such excuses as I wanted to keep the marriage together or he was mad or even I deserved it. Because a lot of women grow up in abusive situations similar to the ones they were in it is harder then to identify oneself as a battered woman. Many of the women interviewed in the prison stated that they didnt consider themselves battered women until it was too late to get help, some even went as far as saying that they didnt realize what they were until they went to prison and joined the CWAA. The next thing the book talks about is the involvement of the police at the point where the women tried to get help. The statistics in this book are mind boggling and astounding when it comes to the action of the police in the event of spousal abuse. Some of the officers see so many accounts of spousal abuse that they right it off as routine and do not even report what they find. The officers also fail to tell women their options and informati on on how they can protect themselves from there batterer evenShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages1 1 Introduction What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Importance of Interpersonal Skills 4 What Managers Do 5 Management Functions 6 †¢ Management Roles 6 †¢ Management Skills 8 †¢ Effective versus Successful Managerial Activities 8 †¢ A Review of the Manager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute to the OB Field 13 Psychology 14 †¢ Social Psychology 14 †¢ Sociology 14 †¢ Anthropology 14 There Are Few Absolutes inRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesupdates to present affiliations. Michael Pearson, Loyola University, New Orleans; Beverlee Anderson, University of Cincinnati; Y.H. Furuhashi, Notre Dame; W. Jack Duncan, University of AlabamaBirmingham; Mike Farley, Del Mar College; Joseph W. Leonard, Miami University (OH); Abbas Nadim, University of New Haven; William O’Donnell, University of Phoenix; Howard Smith, University of New Mexico; James Wolter, University of Michigan, Flint; Vernon R. Stauble, California State Polytechnic University;Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesJayawardena, â€Å"Migration and Social Change: A Survey of Indian Communities Overseas,† Geographical Review 58, no. 3 (1968): 426–449; Amarjit Kaur, â€Å"Indian Labour, Labour Standards, and Workers’ Health in Burma and Malaya, 1900– 1940,† Modern Asian Studies 40, no. 2 (2006): 425–475; Dudley L. Poston Jr. and Mei-YuYu, â€Å"The Distribution of the Overseas Chinese in the Contemporary World,† International Migration Review 24, no. 3 (1990): 480–508; and various other sources. A  majority of Asians also moved

Management Techniques Free Essays

Moreover, the manager hired also needs to have experience in planning, organizing, leading, and controlling a new service department in order to provide excellent customer service. Based on these qualifications, the following five questions will help determine If this candidate can take charge, organize things, and get people motivated and working again In a Service Department: 1 . Can you tell me of a situation wherein you think you’re going to fall, but you were able to reverse the situation and succeed? Can you tell me what you did? (Burblers, 2004) This question ill assess the candidate’s temperament particularly how he acts under pressure. We will write a custom essay sample on Management Techniques or any similar topic only for you Order Now Moreover, the answers provided will also indicate the level of the candidate’s planning, organizing, leading and controlling skills as solving a dilemma successfully requires a more than average skills in these functions. 2. â€Å"Tell me about the most different employee situation you have ever had to handle. What did you do about it, what was the result† (Kodak, p. 39). This question will help me determine the candidate’s core competencies as regards motivating people and getting available resources at hand to get the Job done. 3. We all feel that we are unique In our accomplishments; can you tell me an Instance that you feel Is unique? This question will help In assessing the confidence of the candidate on himself. A manager to be an effective leader, must exude confidence, otherwise his staff will not have confidence on his ability to lead them as well. 4. Tell me about a time when you turned down a good job. The answer will help me assess whether the candidate can actually deliver results. 5. Tell me what you have done on a consistent basis to ensure that your staff or direct report feel valued for their contributions. The candidate’s answer will help me determine the level of the candidate’s interpersonal skills specifically his behavior towards people working under him. The way the candidate answers the above questions will help the hiring manager assess his communication and interpersonal skills. In looking for the right person to fill the position of manager for the new department, that person must show above average skills and capabilities In managing people particularly In directing them towards the attainment of the organization’s goals. This is important since the division that the manager will be meaning Is a new one, tune tans could De Klan to uncreated territories. Lastly’ t person must also be experienced in exploring new things and being comfortable outside his comfort zone. How to cite Management Techniques, Essays

INTRODUCTION Essays (2421 words) - Financial Accounting

INTRODUCTION : In this essay, I would like to start with a brief explanation about the accounting regulation and standards set for various treatments consists of gaps where the rules are vague or even incomplete. Then, I would like to give a brief introduction about the development of standards set for capital instrument, such as TR677 (ICAEW), FRED 3 and FRS 4. Next, I will go into details examining the problems found in these proposals and standard, especially FRS 4. Coming to this stage, I will divide the problems into two parts. Firstly, I will point out the inconsistency found in FRS 4 in relation to FRS 5. Secondly, I will try to deal with the practical point of view, pointing out that the FRS 4 consist of practical problems in accounting treatments for shares and debt. Finally, I will conclude that the current standard for complex capital instruments is not sufficient to solve the problems found in its accounting treatments. Hence, a more effective standard must be put forward to regulate the accounting treatment for capital instruments as it is becoming increasingly more complex. ESSAY: In many countries, accounting regulation is based on a system of detailed rules prescribed in standards and the law. However, rule-based systems can rarely be water-tight. There may be gaps in the rules, and places where the rules are vague or even incomplete. Of equal, if not greater significance is the fact that regulatees may develop schemes which fulfil the letter of the rules, but undermine their spirit. Regulators may find themselves constantly lagging behind the avoidance activities of the regulatees (McBarnet, 1988). In such circumstances, effective regulation breaks down. For the past ten years, the financial instruments issued by companies have become more and more complex. This has been particularly so since October 1987 which has been a period where equity issues have been difficult and companies have not wanted to increase their capital gearing. Finance has still been required for acquisitions which have continued apace and, as the doors to off balance sheet finance seem to be slowly closing, there has been a need for something more sophisticated. This has help to promote the development of a number of instruments that can be described as hybrids, i.e. partly equity and partly debt. This period has coincided with developments in accounting to reinforce the concepts of substance over form. The problem with complex instruments is that in a two-dimension balance sheet which includes only debt and equity, it is very difficult to see what the substance is. Apart from this, resort to sophisticated capital instruments as a way to present their overall financial position in a more favourable light; and designed the instruments in such a way to allow companies to secure access of funds which could be classified as equity rather than debt. At that time, authoritative pronouncements have been limited to a technical release by the ICAEW in 1987 (TR 677). That was effectively a consultative document which was a useful start to a debate, but like any such first short, was the subject of various responses, some supportive and some critical. Unfortunately, after the responses, the debate was not officially taken further, leaving the TR 677 as a relatively useless document. In December 1992, ASB published FRED 3 which was based on the main proposals set out in the earlier discussion paper. There was a subsequent consultation on one additional matter: the appropriate treatment when debt is renegotiated. Companies in financial difficulties sometimes reach an agreement with lenders which allows them to reduce or defer their future payments of principal or interest under the debt. In these circumstances, the ASB proposed that the renegotiated debt should be stated at its fair values with a corresponding gain being recognised in the profit and loss account. However, commentators criticised this proposal on the grounds, that it was imprudent; in particular they noted that the amount of the reported gain would be inflated because the discount rate used in valuing the debt would reflect the collapse of the company's own credit rating, which seemed preversed. As a result of these comments, the matter was not dealt with in the eventual standards, i.e. FRS 4, whic h was issued in December 1993. Apart from this, one

Free Essays on Procrastination

Procrastination is more than just a negative custom that needs to be weeded out of society; it is also a clichà ©Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ a small-talk joke, boast, or complaint. After all, we all do it. Most everybody I know is willing to admit it is an exasperating problem in their life, and would benefit from a course in How to Eliminate Procrastination, but say they have to much to catch-up on, and will take it later. There are many underlying issues and causes of procrastination. Lack of relevance and interest is two of the most common causes. While perfectionism having extremely high standards, which are almost unreachable is another problem all together. Evaluation, anxiety, ambiguity, fear of failure and self-doubt, fear of success, inability to handle the task, lack of information needed to complete the task, environmental conditions, physical conditions, moreover, and anxiety over expectations that others have of you, are all very serious causes of procrastination. Poor time management is a great cause of procrastination. Procrastination means not managing time wisely. One may be uncertain of one's priorities, goals, and objectives. Procrastinators may also be overwhelmed with the task. As a result, they keep putting off the assignments for a later date, or spending a great deal of time with your friends or worrying about upcoming examination, class project and additional papers rather than completing them.... Free Essays on Procrastination Free Essays on Procrastination Have you ever put something off to the last minute†¦such as a project or a paper? I’m sure at some point in your life you have. You may procrastinate more than you realize. Procrastination is one of the main reasons that so many companies lose money and you don’t want to be the one losing money for your company. However there are solutions to procrastination and it can be overcome. Today we are going to talk about identifying underlying issues that cause procrastination, developing solutions, and overcoming procrastination. IDENTIFY UNDERLYING ISSUES Discover your pattern of procrastinating and make a note of it. One reason you procrastinate is because of fear. Sometimes you may fear the task or project at hand because you have to move out of your comfort zone. Becoming aware of your fear can enable you to eliminate it. Perfectionism is one of the more common reasons for procrastinating. Perfectionists avoid starting because they fear they will fall short of their highest standard. If they avoid starting they never have to worry about imperfections in the end if the task isn’t done. Crisis Making- one who thrives on adrenaline. Cannot get motivated until the very last moment. Infuriates friends and colleagues and makes you look bad in the process. Expectation anxiety. Stop becoming a better person for other people and realize that the person you are is just fine. Your faults can be wonderful teachers and weaknesses are just hidden strengths. Accept yourself and always do your best. Overextenders often have the har dest time recognizing themselves because everything is important. Set goals for what is to be done and when, break goals into smaller sub-goals. DEVELOPING SOLUTIONS. Face procrastination head on. Ask yourself what is blocking you? Write it down/ record it. This exercise should help you begin. Choose to easily begin. Making this choice is often enough to get you going. In National Public Acco... Free Essays on Procrastination I’m what most people might call lazy, lethargic, and a procrastinator. How did it start? The first specific instance that I can remember was in 5th grade math class. I didn’t do my math. My mentality was that school consumed more then half of my waking hours and I wasn’t going to let it take anymore then that. So my assignments were partially completed, from the day before, and handed in unfinished. I knew that my parents and teachers would raise hell itself when I did this but my mind wouldn’t waiver on this. Since I had been able to get through all of grade school without homework why should I have any now? Great reasoning for a 5th grader, but this thinking contained a few flaws. To start out, there are 3 types of people in the world. The first kind will generally always try their best and be a competitor in life. They treat life as a marathon that needs a steady vigil pace to complete. The second is the person the will try to complete the absolute bear minimum to survive and occasionally misjudges what is needed done. The third and final is the person that absolutely cannot find any reason to try at all and hope for the best to come to them but never actively seek it. This is the lowest form of life that will suckle away your money, forgiveness, and love never sharing it back with you. To thoroughly understand the three classes of people, a more detailed analysis is needed. The first kind is the ideal person. One, which all parents and communities hope to produce. They are considered the leaders, overachievers, and well standing citizens. The second class is the C student of life. They’re the average person who occasionally does exceptional work but for the most part will be in the shadows of the first class. Procrastination and laziness is most common to occur in this class and becomes extreme when we reach the third class. The 3rd class no longer tries or cares too much about their life to do anything about their... Free Essays on Procrastination Procrastination is more than just a negative custom that needs to be weeded out of society; it is also a clichà ©Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ a small-talk joke, boast, or complaint. After all, we all do it. Most everybody I know is willing to admit it is an exasperating problem in their life, and would benefit from a course in How to Eliminate Procrastination, but say they have to much to catch-up on, and will take it later. There are many underlying issues and causes of procrastination. Lack of relevance and interest is two of the most common causes. While perfectionism having extremely high standards, which are almost unreachable is another problem all together. Evaluation, anxiety, ambiguity, fear of failure and self-doubt, fear of success, inability to handle the task, lack of information needed to complete the task, environmental conditions, physical conditions, moreover, and anxiety over expectations that others have of you, are all very serious causes of procrastination. Poor time management is a great cause of procrastination. Procrastination means not managing time wisely. One may be uncertain of one's priorities, goals, and objectives. Procrastinators may also be overwhelmed with the task. As a result, they keep putting off the assignments for a later date, or spending a great deal of time with your friends or worrying about upcoming examination, class project and additional papers rather than completing them....

The Two Types of Titans in Greek Mythology

The Two Types of Titans in Greek Mythology Often counted among the gods and goddesses, there are two main groups of titans in Greek mythology. They come from different generations. The second generation is probably the one youre familiar with. They are depicted as humanoid, even if giant. The earlier ones are even bigger - as large as is visible to the naked eye - so its no wonder titanic signifies exceptional size. This page introduces both, provides mates, and spheres of influence. First Generation Titans of Greek Mythology The titans in the first generation are the aunts, uncles, and parents of Zeus and company - the well-known Olympian gods and goddesses). These titans are the 12 children of the primordial personifications of the earth (Gaia) and the sky (Uranus). (Now do you see why I said the titans were really big?) Female titans may sometimes be distinguished from their brothers as titanides. This isnt perfect, though, since there is a Greek ending on this term that should be reserved for the children of the titans rather than female version of the same. Here are the names and areas of first generation titans: Oceanus [Okeanos] - the ocean(father of nymphs)Coeus [Koios and Polos] - questioning(father of Leto Asteria)Crius [Krios, probably Megamedes the great lord [source: Theoi]](father of Pallas, Astraeus, and Perses)Hyperion - light(father of sun-god, moon, dawn)Iapetus [Iapetos](father of Prometheus, Atlas, and Epimetheus)Cronus [Kronos] (aka Saturn)Thea [Theia] - sight(Hyperions mate)Rhea [Rheia](Cronus and Rhea were the parents of the Olympian gods and goddesses)Themis - justice and order(Zeus second consort, mother of the Hours, Fates)Mnemosyne - memory(mated with Zeus to produce the Muses)Phoebe - oracle, intellect [source: Theoi(Coeus mate)Tethys(Oceans mate) The titans Cronus (#6 above) and Rhea (#8) are the parents of Zeus and the other Olympian gods and goddesses.​ Besides the Olympian gods and goddesses, the titans produced other offspring, mating with either other titans or other creatures. These offspring are also called titans, but theyre the titans of the second generation. Second Generation Titans of Greek Mythology Some of the children of the first generation titans are also referred to as titans. The major second generation titans are: AsteriaAstraea (Dike)AstraeusAtlasEos (Dawn)Eosphorus (or Hesperus)Epimetheus (see Pandoras Box)HeliusLetoMenoetiusPallasPersesPrometheusSelene As for most aspects of mythology, Carlos Parada has an excellent page on the titans. Also Known As: Ouranià ´nes, Ouranidai Examples Dione, Phorcys, Anytus, and Demeter are sometimes added to the list of 12 titans: Oceanus, Coeus, Crius, Hyperion, Iapetus, Cronus, Thea, Rhea, Themis, Mnemosyne, Phoebe, and Tethys. Youll find titans in the following stories: The castration of Ouranos,The creation of man,The fight with the gods, known as the Titanomachy, but often mixed up with the story of the gods battle with the giants, andThe imprisonment of the titans in Tartarus.

Case Vignettes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case Vignettes - Essay Example He refers to these states as sort of frenzied; when he finally gets out of the rut he’s been in and gets back on track. He says that they will occur for days at a time and are always followed by a crash, in which he becomes suicidal and bed-ridden. Jessica is 28 and she is a new mother. While her pregnancy was a life-altering experience and challenge, the steadfast support of her husband and family made sure she was able to handle the experience without losing her sanity. Jessica reports welcoming the responsibility of mother-hood, but since giving birth 3 months earlier has started to feel increasingly hopeless and guilty about her situation. When asked to describe the guilt she was experiencing she was not able to identify a specific example of something she was guilty, instead indicating that it was more of an abstract pervading sensation. While her husband attributes her feelings to the stress of adapting to motherhood, she has begun to fear that the depression will last forever and it’s actually a change in perspective. Ashley has is 6 years old. She began the first grade a number of months back and from the beginning has had difficulty relating to other students. At times she will remove herself from the other students in the class and refuse to interact. Other times she will lash out physically and verbally at the other students. Her progress throughout the year has shown a steady decrease. The teacher, Mr. Wilson, sent a letter home with Ashley asking to speak with her parents in a conference. After receiving no response, he phoned Ashley’s parents and relayed to them Ashley behavior. Ashley’s mother informed Mr. Wilson that their family is going to have to move into a homeless shelter soon. He also discovered that Ashley’s mother is not able to read. Paul is a 9 year old third grade student. He has shown a talent for sports, and last semester won the school’s track meet for his age bracket. He is very popular at recess, but has